What is Malware?

Malware is software that infects computer systems to damage, disable or exploit the computer or network to: 

• Steal, encrypt, or delete sensitive information.
• Hijack or alter core system functions.
• Monitor user activity without permission.
• Extort money.
• Introduce spam or forced advertising.

How is malware distributed?

Malware is typically distributed via:

• Email attachments.
• Fake internet ads.
• Infected applications or websites. 

Users are often tricked into downloading malware with links or pop-ups that seem legitimate such as: 

• Flashing messages like, "Your computer has been infected! Click here to run a scan!"
• Unknown applications that prompt you to convert files, unzip files or find discounts.
• "Gifts" or "Prizes" offered by clicking a button.

Clicking the link or button directs the user to a website that automatically installs malware onto their computer.

How do you know if you have malware?

A device that has been infected often has symptoms such as:

• Unusually slow or frozen system functionality.
• Spam and pop-up ads.
• Frequent system crashes.
• Unknown icons on the desktop.
• Redirection from a popular website to an unknown one.
• New files or folders are created without your permission.

Types of Malware

• Adware - Adware automatically delivers advertisements to generate revenue for its creator or a third party. It is often used in conjunction with spyware.
• Backdoor (Trapdoor) - A backdoor allows cybercriminals to access a computer without the user's knowledge. Backdoors are meant for future use and can remain in a system for years without being noticed.
• Rogueware - Rogueware misleads users into believing their device is infected, so they will click on a fake warning, which promptly installs malware.
• Ransomware - Ransomware restricts users from accessing a system or its data, and often threatens to publish or delete data, until the ransom is paid. Locker ransomware restricts access to the infected device, while crypto ransomware restricts access to stored data and files.
• Trojan Horse - A Trojan horse imitates legitimate software to deceive users into installing other malware.
• Virus - The oldest type of malware, viruses alters the way a computer operates. A virus can replicate itself and spread to other devices, but it must be attached to another program or executed by a user action.
• Worm - Worms are the most common type of malware and one of the most dangerous, because they can replicate themselves without being attached to a program or run by a user.

There is no way to prevent all malware attacks, but there are reliable ways to detect and block them, thus protecting your systems from being infected by malicious software. With that being said, here are some tips to protect yourself and your company from malware. 

1. Install anti-virus and anti-spyware software.
2. Use secure authentication methods. Always enable 2-factor authentication when available.
3. Use administrator accounts only when absolutely necessary.
4. Keep software updated.
5. Limit control access to systems.
6. Limit application privileges.
7. Implement email security and spam protection.
8. Be wary of unknown email senders.
9. Monitor for suspicious activity.
10. Educate yourself and your users.